Siglas, abreviaturas y símbolos
Éste es el primer comentario que hice en CPI, en relación con el post Ojo con las revistas gratuitas.
¡Primo!
(Sin ánimo de ofender, claro está...)
Me inicio en tu divertidísima bitácora... y me alegro sobre todo porque, ante mi sorpresa, puedo contribuir en algo. Como sufrida correctora (u ortotipógrafa, que queda más chic), comparto tu horror por las malas y habituales abreviaciones. Efectivamente, kms. y seg son incorrectas, pero quería apuntar algo al respecto: km y s no son abreviaturas, son símbolos.
Me explico. En el maravilloso e interesantísimo mundo de las abreviaciones, se distingue entre abreviaturas, siglas y símbolos. Y se hace esa distinción porque tienen "comportamientos" distintos.
Las siglas, como sabréis, responden a las iniciales de las palabras abreviadas y van siempre en mayúsculas (hay también el caso de los acrónimos, pero no voy a entrar en eso).
Las abreviaturas son más variadas porque simplemente se trata de hacer más corta una palabra: pueden hacerse por suspensión, es decir, cuando se omite la parte final de la palabra (pág. o p. para página); o por contracción, cuando se omiten algunas de las letras interiores, com en el caso de Sr. y Sra. Siempre deben llevar punto final y, respecto al plural, sólo se indica en las abreviaturas por contracción, precisamente porque conservan el final: Sres. y Sras.
Los símbolos son otra historia. Son abreviaciones que, de algún modo, se han pactado internacionalmente y, por lo tanto, sólo hay una forma posible: en el caso de kilómetro, km, sin plural posible y sin punto; en el caso de segundo, s. Si no se conoce, hay que consultarlo en una lista oficial. En eso son distintos de las abreviaturas, porque una abreviatura siempre la puedes hacer como te dé la gana (aunque hay ciertas convenciones). En ese sentido, seg por segundo no estaría mal si no se trata de un texto especializado, pero, eso sí, debe llevar punto final.
En cuanto a las mayúsculas de los símbolos, Daniel tiene toda la razón. Sólo apuntar que el caso de los nombres de un científico/descubridor/inventor no es el único caso en que llevan mayúscula. Litro tiene doble grafía (l o L), pero se prefiere la l mayúscula para no confundirlo con la i mayúscula. Los múltiplos más grandes: mega (M), giga (G), etc. Los elementos químicos: O, Na. Y, para terminar, los vientos: N, NE, NNO, etc.
Ya ves, una también sabe cosas curiosas pero inútiles (si no te dedicas a ello, claro). La verdad es que creo que si no fuera tan rematadamente complicado (sólo he apuntado algunas normas: los manuales de estilo cuentan con capítulos al respecto de más de cincuenta páginas), no nos encontraríamos barbaridades como kms o segs. Pero, claro, si no lo fuera yo tendría menos trabajo...
Besos y a seguir con tu bitácora, se disfruta mucho.
¡Primo!
(Sin ánimo de ofender, claro está...)
Me inicio en tu divertidísima bitácora... y me alegro sobre todo porque, ante mi sorpresa, puedo contribuir en algo. Como sufrida correctora (u ortotipógrafa, que queda más chic), comparto tu horror por las malas y habituales abreviaciones. Efectivamente, kms. y seg son incorrectas, pero quería apuntar algo al respecto: km y s no son abreviaturas, son símbolos.
Me explico. En el maravilloso e interesantísimo mundo de las abreviaciones, se distingue entre abreviaturas, siglas y símbolos. Y se hace esa distinción porque tienen "comportamientos" distintos.
Las siglas, como sabréis, responden a las iniciales de las palabras abreviadas y van siempre en mayúsculas (hay también el caso de los acrónimos, pero no voy a entrar en eso).
Las abreviaturas son más variadas porque simplemente se trata de hacer más corta una palabra: pueden hacerse por suspensión, es decir, cuando se omite la parte final de la palabra (pág. o p. para página); o por contracción, cuando se omiten algunas de las letras interiores, com en el caso de Sr. y Sra. Siempre deben llevar punto final y, respecto al plural, sólo se indica en las abreviaturas por contracción, precisamente porque conservan el final: Sres. y Sras.
Los símbolos son otra historia. Son abreviaciones que, de algún modo, se han pactado internacionalmente y, por lo tanto, sólo hay una forma posible: en el caso de kilómetro, km, sin plural posible y sin punto; en el caso de segundo, s. Si no se conoce, hay que consultarlo en una lista oficial. En eso son distintos de las abreviaturas, porque una abreviatura siempre la puedes hacer como te dé la gana (aunque hay ciertas convenciones). En ese sentido, seg por segundo no estaría mal si no se trata de un texto especializado, pero, eso sí, debe llevar punto final.
En cuanto a las mayúsculas de los símbolos, Daniel tiene toda la razón. Sólo apuntar que el caso de los nombres de un científico/descubridor/inventor no es el único caso en que llevan mayúscula. Litro tiene doble grafía (l o L), pero se prefiere la l mayúscula para no confundirlo con la i mayúscula. Los múltiplos más grandes: mega (M), giga (G), etc. Los elementos químicos: O, Na. Y, para terminar, los vientos: N, NE, NNO, etc.
Ya ves, una también sabe cosas curiosas pero inútiles (si no te dedicas a ello, claro). La verdad es que creo que si no fuera tan rematadamente complicado (sólo he apuntado algunas normas: los manuales de estilo cuentan con capítulos al respecto de más de cincuenta páginas), no nos encontraríamos barbaridades como kms o segs. Pero, claro, si no lo fuera yo tendría menos trabajo...
Besos y a seguir con tu bitácora, se disfruta mucho.

72 Comentarios:
gracias por la aclaración. me ha venido que ni pintada
que inteligente eres me cautivas y motivas tambien omparto tu horror hacia las abreviaciones mal escritas bueno felicidades...
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The advent of simulcasting in the nineties made it possible for tracks to increase their own handle while boosting their revenues by accepting wagers on races from other tracks. Legalization of off-track betting facilities, phone wagering and internet wagering has created a climate where over 87% of the handle is now generated off-track. This may hurt race tracks' hot dog and popcorn sales, but should lead to increased profitability.
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The Triple Crown, like so many of our best traditions, wasn't created, it grew into being. During the late 1800's three different tracks created races to test the new crop of three year olds. These three races, the Belmont Stakes, the Preakness and the Kentucky Derby were held in the same year for the first time in 1875. It wasn't until 44 years later that Sir Barton (1919) became the first horse to win all three. The term, Triple Crown, wasn't coined until 1930 when Daily Racing Form's columnist, Charles Hatton, used it while covering Gallant Fox's winning efforts.
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Sweetnorthernsaint ridden by Kent Desormeaux was favored to win the Derby, but finished a disappointing seventh by 13 lengths. That though, after a bumped start and being steadied before finally tiring. With a lifetime 3 wins out of 7 starts, all 3 have come this year, and the shorter distance of the Preakness might be more to his liking.
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With this movement the United States has taken a different approach to online gambling. Whereas other countries are working with these services to regulate them, the United States is attempting to prohibit them once and for all. By doing this they are missing out on the ability to tax internet gambling instead of getting rid of it entirely. Conservative estimates have shown that taxing these services could make the government in upwards of $6 billion a year.
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